I used to use tools by www.diskinternals.com, they were OK for the task (extracting files from a quick-formatted disk). In this case, I'd try DiskInternals Partition Recovery. It includes algorithms that can carve data (they call it "PowerSearch" if I'm not mistaken) if the file system is empty or unavailable. AFAIK, it supports mounted volumes such as TrueCrypt; just make sure to engage the "partition scan" mode as opposed to recovering a "physical disk" (terms may be different, but you get the idea). Not the cheapest tool though.
Also, I had *very* limited success with some freeware tools, as they normally don't look beyond the file system itself. No file system - no recovery.
